國中在學習英文的時候,老師一直說,現在完成式的使用情境是「從以前開始且持續到現在還在進行中」,但現在完成式要如何使用還是讓很多學生摸不清楚頭緒。讓我們用簡單的分類來讓大家更快掌握現在完成式的用法吧!
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現在完成式文法構成:S (主詞) + have/has + p.p.
- I have ever been to Japan. (我曾經去過日本)
- He has been my teacher for 5 years. (他成為我的老師已經五年了)
現在完成式的原則
現在完成式注重以前與現在的連結,著重於事情發生的狀態結果。常見的三個現在完成式的用法如下:
1. 已經完成的動作,但沒有指定特定時間
- I have finished my homework. (我已經寫完我的作業了)
- I have met Alex, but I haven’t met her mother. (我有遇到Alex, 但是我沒有遇到他的媽媽)
***如果有指定特定時間,必須用過去式。
2. 從以前開始持續到現在並且還在進行中 (當老師的狀態)
- She has been a teacher since 2002. (她從2002年就開始當老師了)
- She has been a teacher for 10 years. (她當老師十年了)
***上述兩句都指出目前她從以前就是位老師,並且未來可能還會繼續做下去。
3. 強調現在這個時間點,某件事已完成的次數或經驗
- I have been to Japan twice. (表示曾經去日本兩次)
- I have ever seen snow. (表示曾經看過雪的經驗)
考試技巧
1. 句子有since,且翻譯為自從,一律使用完成式
- I have wanted to be an actor since I was a kid. (自從我還是個小孩起,就一直想當個演員)
- I have wanted to be a manager since 2002. (從2002年起,我就一直想當個醫生)
2. 句子裡面有for, 判斷要使用完成式或過去式。
- He has been a teacher for 10 years. (當老師當10年了,且還繼續在當老師)
- He was a teacher for 10 years. (當老師當10年了,但現在離職或退休了)
3. 句子出現ever, never, already, recently, just, so far, until表示現在和以前等連結等字,通常都會用完成式。
- I have never seen snow in my life.
- I’ve already done my job.
- Recently, Python has become more and more popular in the field of computer engineer.
- Alex has just fed his dog, but it seems to be hungry again.
- Have you ever seen snow?